Which blood biomarkers actually matter for longevity?

While the field of longevity research is constantly evolving, several blood biomarkers are emerging as particularly important indicators of biological aging and potential for a longer, healthier life. It's important to note that these are generally assessed in conjunction with other lifestyle factors and medical history, and specific interpretations should always be discussed with a healthcare professional.

Here are some blood biomarkers that currently matter for longevity, along with brands or services that can help you track them:

1. Inflammatory Markers: Chronic low-grade inflammation, often called "inflammaging," is a hallmark of aging and contributes to many age-related diseases.

• C-reactive protein (CRP) - specifically High-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP): This is a key marker for inflammation. Elevated hs-CRP levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other chronic conditions.
  • Where to get it tested: Most major diagnostic labs like Quest Diagnostics and Labcorp offer hs-CRP testing. Many direct-to-consumer (DTC) health testing companies also include it, such as Everlywell and LetsGetChecked.

2. Glycemic Control Markers: Poor blood sugar regulation is linked to accelerated aging and an increased risk of diabetes and its complications.

• Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c): This test provides an average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months. Higher HbA1c levels indicate poorer glycemic control.
  • Where to get it tested: Like hs-CRP, Quest Diagnostics and Labcorp are standard providers. DTC companies like Everlywell also offer HbA1c tests.
• Fasting Glucose: While HbA1c is a better long-term indicator, fasting glucose is still a valuable snapshot of current blood sugar levels.
  • Where to get it tested: Available through standard lab providers and DTC companies.

3. Lipid Panel (Cholesterol): While not solely a longevity marker, managing cholesterol levels is crucial for cardiovascular health, a major factor in lifespan and healthspan.

• LDL Cholesterol (Low-Density Lipoprotein): Often called "bad" cholesterol, high levels can contribute to plaque buildup in arteries.
• HDL Cholesterol (High-Density Lipoprotein): Often called "good" cholesterol, higher levels are generally protective.
• Triglycerides: Another type of fat in the blood that can increase heart disease risk when elevated.
  • Where to get it tested: Standard in most annual physicals. Quest Diagnostics and Labcorp are widely available. DTC kits from Everlywell and LetsGetChecked often include lipid panels.

4. Hormonal Markers: Hormone levels change with age, and imbalances can significantly impact various bodily functions and contribute to aging processes.

• Testosterone (especially for men, but also relevant for women): Declining testosterone is associated with reduced muscle mass, bone density, energy levels, and increased fat accumulation.
  • Where to get it tested: Quest Diagnostics and Labcorp offer testosterone tests. DTC companies like Defy Medical (specializing in hormone optimization) and general health testing companies also provide these.
• DHEA-S (Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate): A precursor hormone that can be converted into other hormones like testosterone and estrogen. Levels decline with age.
  • Where to get it tested: Quest Diagnostics and Labcorp offer DHEA-S.
• Thyroid Hormones (TSH, Free T3, Free T4): Thyroid function is critical for metabolism and energy. Imbalances can affect overall health and aging.
  • Where to get it tested: Standard lab tests through Quest Diagnostics and Labcorp.

5. Kidney Function Markers: Healthy kidney function is essential for filtering waste products and maintaining overall health. Impaired kidney function is linked to faster aging and increased mortality.

• Creatinine and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR): These are used to assess how well your kidneys are working.
  • Where to get it tested: Standard blood work at Quest Diagnostics and Labcorp.

6. Liver Function Markers: The liver plays a vital role in detoxification and metabolism.

• ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) and AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase): These enzymes can indicate liver damage or inflammation.
  • Where to get it tested: Part of standard blood panels offered by Quest Diagnostics and Labcorp.

Emerging and Research-Focused Biomarkers:

While not as routinely tested in standard clinical practice for longevity yet, these are gaining significant traction in research and some specialized clinics:

• Epigenetic Clocks (e.g., Horvath clock, Hannum clock): These assess biological age by looking at methylation patterns on DNA, which change predictably with age. This is a more cutting-edge approach.
  • Where to get it tested: This is primarily available through specialized longevity clinics or research initiatives. Companies like Elysium Health offer products that may provide insights into some aspects of cellular health, though direct epigenetic clock testing might be more complex. InsideTracker also incorporates some advanced biomarker analysis.
• Telomere Length: Telomeres are protective caps on the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division. Shorter telomeres are associated with cellular aging and increased risk of age-related diseases.
  • Where to get it tested: Quest Diagnostics offers telomere length testing. Some DTC companies like LetsGetChecked are also beginning to offer this.
• GlycanAge: This is a relatively new test that measures the glycan profile of your blood, which can reflect your biological age and inflammation.
  • Where to get it tested: This is a specialized test. You can learn more and find ordering information through their website, GlycanAge.

Important Considerations:

• Context is Key: A single biomarker reading in isolation is rarely as informative as looking at trends over time and in the context of your overall health, lifestyle, and family history.
• Consult a Professional: Always discuss your biomarker results with a qualified healthcare provider or a longevity-focused physician. They can help you interpret the data, identify underlying causes, and recommend appropriate interventions.
• Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) vs. Traditional Labs: DTC tests can offer convenience and accessibility, but it's crucial to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the lab they use. Traditional labs like Quest and Labcorp are generally well-established and widely accepted by healthcare providers.
• Actionable Insights: The real value of biomarker testing for longevity lies in identifying areas for improvement and implementing lifestyle changes or medical interventions to optimize your healthspan.

By tracking these key biomarkers, you can gain valuable insights into your biological aging process and work proactively towards a longer, healthier life.